Quick Facts
What is Thymosin Alpha-1?
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Ta1) is a naturally occurring peptide first isolated from thymic tissue by Allan Goldstein in the 1970s. It plays a crucial role in immune system modulation and has been extensively studied for its ability to enhance immune responses. Ta1 is approved in numerous countries (but not the US) under the brand name Zadaxin for treating hepatitis B and C, and as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.
How Does Thymosin Alpha-1 Work?
Thymosin Alpha-1 works by modulating the immune system at multiple levels. It enhances T-cell function, particularly helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. It promotes dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation, and stimulates the production of cytokines like interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. Ta1 also has direct effects on Toll-like receptors, enhancing innate immune responses. This broad immunomodulatory profile makes it valuable for both infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
Research-Backed Benefits
Immune Enhancement
Strong EvidenceBoosts T-cell function and overall immune response.
Hepatitis Treatment
Strong EvidenceApproved in many countries for chronic hepatitis B and C.
Cancer Adjuvant
Moderate EvidenceUsed alongside conventional cancer treatments to enhance immune response.
Vaccine Enhancement
Moderate EvidenceMay improve response to vaccines in immunocompromised individuals.
Infection Resistance
Moderate EvidenceMay help the body fight various infections more effectively.
Dosage Guidelines
Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only. Peptides are research compounds not approved by the FDA for human use. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider.
Standard approved dose for hepatitis is 1.6mg twice weekly. Higher doses used in cancer protocols.
Side Effects & Safety
- Generally very well tolerated
- Injection site reactions (rare)
- Flu-like symptoms (uncommon)
- Fatigue (rare)
Frequently Asked Questions
References
- Romani L, et al. "Thymosin alpha 1 in infectious diseases." International Immunopharmacology, 2007. PMID: 17161332
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