Quick Facts

Chemical Name
Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium
Also Known As
PPS, Elmiron
Category
Joint & Tissue Health
Administration
Available orally (Elmiron) and as injectable

What is Pentosan Polysulfate?

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a semi-synthetic heparin-like compound derived from beechwood. It is FDA-approved in the US as Elmiron for interstitial cystitis and used globally (as Cartrophen) for osteoarthritis, particularly in veterinary medicine. PPS has multiple mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and tissue-protective properties. It supports cartilage health and may promote joint fluid viscosity.

How Does Pentosan Polysulfate Work?

PPS works through several mechanisms relevant to joint and tissue health. It inhibits catabolic enzymes that break down cartilage, stimulates hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan synthesis, and has anti-inflammatory effects. PPS may improve blood flow to subchondral bone and enhance the quality of synovial fluid. It also has mild anticoagulant properties and can stabilize mast cells, reducing histamine release.

Research-Backed Benefits

Joint Health

Moderate Evidence

Supports cartilage integrity and may slow osteoarthritis progression.

Interstitial Cystitis

Strong Evidence

FDA-approved for treating bladder pain syndrome.

Anti-Inflammatory

Moderate Evidence

Reduces inflammation in joints and other tissues.

Synovial Fluid Support

Moderate Evidence

May improve the quality and viscosity of joint fluid.

Blood Flow Enhancement

Emerging Research

Can improve microcirculation to tissues.

Dosage Guidelines

Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only. Peptides are research compounds not approved by the FDA for human use. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider.

Typical Range
100-300 mg orally, or 2-3 mg/kg injectable
Frequency
1-3 times daily (oral), weekly (injectable)
Duration
3-6 months minimum for joint benefits

Oral bioavailability is low. Injectable forms may be more effective for joint conditions.

Side Effects & Safety

  • GI upset (oral)
  • Headache
  • Hair loss (with long-term oral use)
  • Recent FDA warning about rare eye complications

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, PPS is FDA-approved as Elmiron for interstitial cystitis. Its use for osteoarthritis is common outside the US and in veterinary medicine.
Joint benefits typically require 4-8 weeks to become noticeable, with optimal effects after 3-6 months of consistent use.
The FDA has warned about rare eye complications (maculopathy) with long-term oral use. Regular eye exams are recommended for long-term users.

References

  1. Ghosh P. "Pentosan polysulfate for osteoarthritis." Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 1999. PMID: 10356407

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